Java: throw throws and Propagation

Exception propagation is the process of passing exceptions up the call stack.

When an exception occurs in a method without a corresponding catch block, it propagates up to the caller method. This continues until the exception is caught or reaches the main method, potentially terminating the program. For example, if 'processOrder()' calls 'validatePayment()', and the latter throws an exception, it propagates back unless 'processOrder()' catches it.