Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on the data within one unit.
Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that restricts direct access to some of an object's components, which can prevent accidental interference and misuse of the methods and fields. For example, in an e-commerce application, a `Product` class might encapsulate its price by making the price field private, offering public methods to safely get and set the price.