Java: Mocking with Mockito

The 'test' phase runs unit tests after compilation but before packaging.

In Maven, the 'test' phase is part of the build lifecycle, executed after the code is compiled, ensuring that only working code gets packaged. This phase uses testing frameworks like JUnit to run tests, validating functionality before proceeding to the 'package' phase. For an e-commerce application, this ensures that features like order processing are thoroughly tested before deployment.