'flatMap' transforms each element into a Publisher, 'map' transforms each element to a value.
In a reactive stream, 'map' changes each emitted item to another value, whereas 'flatMap' converts each item into a reactive type (Mono/Flux) and flattens the resulting streams. In an e-commerce scenario, 'map' might update each product's price, while 'flatMap' could fetch related product details asynchronously.
Additional Notes
How does the ‘flatMap’ operator work differently from ‘map’ in a functional pipeline?