Java: Controlled Mutation

They encapsulate logic and protect state. Frame the concept in practical terms so you can explain it during interview discussion.

Prioritizing business operations over direct field manipulation ensures that all state changes are intentional and validated. This encapsulation of logic maintains the object's integrity. For example, using a `discountProduct(double discountRate)` method ensures that any price reduction in a Product is calculated and validated correctly, rather than directly changing the `price` field.