Encapsulation hides internal state and requires all interaction to occur through methods.
Encapsulation helps protect an object's state from unintended interference and misuse by restricting access to its internal workings. For example, in an e-commerce application, encapsulating the 'price' field of a Product ensures that it can only be modified through a method that checks for valid price ranges, avoiding errors due to invalid prices.
Additional Notes
Why is encapsulation critical in object-oriented programming?