Incorrectly assuming the object's actual type may lead to unexpected method execution.
Polymorphism can cause unexpected behavior if the programmer assumes an object's type incorrectly. For instance, if a developer casts a 'Shape' reference to 'Circle' without a type check, assuming it's always a 'Circle', a 'ClassCastException' might occur if it points to a 'Square'. Correct use of 'instanceof' can prevent such issues.
Additional Notes
Why might polymorphism introduce unexpected behavior in Java?