Java: Inversion of Control (IoC)

Spring creates a new instance of a prototype-scoped bean every time it's requested.

Prototype bean scope means that each time a bean is requested from the container, a new instance is created. This is useful when each caller needs a different state or configuration. In a scenario where each request to an e-commerce service requires a unique `ShoppingCart` instance, prototype scope ensures that each cart is independently instantiated and not shared across requests.